What is the function of an access control list (ACL) in network security?

An access control list (ACL) plays a crucial role in network security by specifying which users or processes have the permissions to access certain network resources. This means that ACLs can establish different levels of access for various users based on their roles, ensuring that only authorized individuals can reach specific data or systems. By defining permissions for read, write, execute, or modify access, ACLs help protect sensitive information and maintain the integrity of network resources.

This approach is vital in a security framework, as it helps in not only controlling access but also in auditing and monitoring user activity, as administrators can see who accessed what resources and when. Such mechanisms help in creating a layered security environment where even if a breach occurs, the damage can be limited by the restrictions defined in the ACL.

In the context of the other options, they do not directly relate to the primary function of an ACL. For instance, real-time monitoring of network traffic is typically the role of intrusion detection systems or network monitoring tools. Encryption during transmission involves securing data so that it cannot be easily intercepted or read, which is a different aspect of security entirely. As for blocking unauthorized software installations, that function is generally managed by endpoint security solutions rather than through an ACL, which focuses specifically on access